Dynamic credit card with magnetic stripe and embedded encoder and methods for using the same to provide a copy-proof credit card

ABSTRACT

A dynamic credit card is provided in which a secure credit card number (e.g., a secret/hidden credit card number) is encoded based on a timing signal (e.g., an internal counter) to provide a dynamic credit card number. This dynamic number may be displayed to a user via a display (e.g., so that online purchases can be made) or written onto a magnetic stripe such that the number may be processed by traditional credit card merchants (e.g., swiped). At a remote facility, the dynamic number may be decoded based on time (and/or a counter/key number/equation). Thus, a dynamic credit card number may change continually or periodically (e.g., every sixty seconds) such that credit card numbers may not be copied by thieves and used at later times. A dynamic verification code may also be utilized in addition to, or in lieu of, a dynamic credit card number.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/431,254, filed on May 9, 2006, which claims the benefit from U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 60/679,498, entitled “Dynamic CreditCard With Magnetic Stripe and Embedded Encoder and Methods for Using theSame To Provide A Copy-Proof Credit Card,” filed on May 9, 2005, whichis hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to credit cards. More particularly, thisinvention relates to systems and methods for protecting against creditcard fraud.

Billions of dollars are lost annually to credit card fraud.Particularly, credit card numbers are copied and used withoutpermission. Copying may take many forms. A thief may, for example, catcha glimpse of an actual credit card and copy the number by writing thenumber on a piece of paper. Alternatively, a thief may intercept adigital signal representative of the credit card number and utilize sucha digital signal at a later time. It is therefore desirable to providesystems and methods that completely eliminate the possibility for suchtypes of credit card fraud.

American Express has introduced a credit card with an embedded smartchip (i.e., a smart card credit card). In doing so, however, AmericanExpress had to replace the credit card readers at any establishment(e.g., store) that wanted the capability to read from an AmericanExpress smart card. Such smart card credit cards do not solve theproblem of copying credit card numbers and using them at a latertime—American Express smart cards still employ a visible credit cardnumber. It is therefore desirable to not only eliminate credit cardfraud, but do so without having to change any of the hardware thatestablishments utilize to read credit cards.

Traditional credit cards store information such as a person's creditcard number and expiration date on the magnetic stripe of the creditcard. The standard for traditional credit cards, however, allows formore information to be written onto the magnetic stripe and read bytraditional credit card readers. None of the current credit cards useall of this bandwidth. In fact, some credit card companies write astring of zeroes after a person's name and credit card number to fillsuch bandwidth. In turn, the readers read and transmit the fillerinformation to credit card authorization facilities. The credit cardauthorization facilities then discard this filler information. It istherefore desirable to provide a credit card that fully utilizes thebandwidth provided in traditional credit card magnetic stripe standards.

Traditional credit cards that employ magnetic stripes are deficientbecause the magnetic stripe is highly susceptible to wear and magneticinterference. Particularly, the magnetic stripe can be worn downphysically or rewritten/erased by magnetic interference. It is thereforedesirable to provide a robust credit card that can withstand wear and isnot susceptible to interference.

Timing signals are transmitted throughout the globe. For example, a WWVBatomic clock signal is transmitted from a radio system available inNorth America that reaches the entire continental United States, a largeportion of Canada, and Central America. The signal is transmittedone-bit per second. Fifty three bits and 7 separators transmit the year,day, hour, minute, as well as information on daylight savings time andleap years. Thus, the WWVB signal takes 60 seconds to transmit. DCF timesignals and MSF time signals are transmitted throughout Europe.Moreover, the Global Positioning System (GPS) transmits timesignals—which are utilized to locate GPS receivers in the world. GPSsignals span the entire globe. It is therefore desirable to utilizetiming signals in a manner other than to locate a receiver or determinethe time of day.

Wong et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,592,044 titled “Anonymous Electronic CardFor Generating Personal Coupons Useful in Commercial and SecurityTransactions,” filed on May 15, 2000, discusses a magnetic storagemedium affixed to a card that can be read by a standard magnetic stripereader. Here, a computer generates a personal coupon after a personalidentification number is inputted into a card.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a dynamic creditcard with a visible number that changes periodically (e.g., roughlyevery minute) or changes after each use. Thus, a dynamic credit card mayinclude a battery, a processor or other circuitry, and a display. Anencoder may also be provided such that the number is not only displayedto a user, but may be written onto the magnetic stripe of the creditcard such that traditional readers may read the credit card.Alternatively, circuitry that creates magnetic fields that can be readby a traditional credit card reader may be employed such that a magneticstripe may be removed altogether.

For dynamic credit cards that employ periodically changing numbers, atiming signal may be used. For example, a signal representative of timemay be transmitted over an area (e.g., the United States). Such a timingsignal may be the U.S. atomic clock signal (e.g., the WWVB signal), aEuropean timing signal (e.g., the DCF and MSF signals), or a timingsignal used in a locating/navigation system (e.g., a GPS signal).

A credit card may have a number that is secure to the user. This securenumber may then be coded in a variety of ways. For example, the numbermay be coded dependent upon time. The coded number may be displayed to auser (and/or written to the magnetic stripe). A clock may be included insuch a credit card to change the number every period of time. The clockmay be synchronized with an external clock (e.g., the WWVB signal).Alternatively, the clock may be sufficient to keep track of time for along period of time (e.g., 1-5 years) without accumulating errors thatwould be greater than the period of time used to change the credit cardnumber (e.g., 1 minute). Thus, a clock may be utilized without externalsynchronization.

The coded number may then be transmitted (e.g., entered into the payingstage of an online store) to a credit card authorization facility. Thecredit card authorization facility may, in turn, know the user's securenumber (e.g., the uncoded credit card number). To identify the user, thecredit card authorization facility may utilize name information oraccount information transmitted with the coded number. The authorizationfacility may then decode the coded number to determine whether, for aparticular period of time, the received coded number is representativeof the uncoded number. The coded number may be, for example,representative of a credit card number, card verification number,expiration date, any combination thereof, or any additional information.

The authorization facility may determine if the coded number is validfor a particular period of time in a variety of ways. For example, theauthorization facility may code the secure number in the same way as thedynamic credit card would have coded the number and compare the numbercomputed by the facility to the number received by the facility.Alternatively, the credit card authorization facility may decode thecoded number and compare the decoded number to the secure number.

A dynamic credit card that periodically changes the credit card numbermay occur at any interval. For example, the credit card number may bechanged approximately every minute, every ninety seconds, every fiveminutes, or every hour.

Instead of receiving a transmitted timing signal (e.g., and employing areceiver), a local timing circuit may be provided (e.g., a counterdriven by a clock/oscillator). Alternatively, the card may both receivea transmitted timing signal (e.g., an atomic clock signal) as well asemploy a local timing circuit. In such an embodiment, the local timingcircuit may be updated (e.g., resynchronized) periodically (e.g., everyday) or continually by the received timing signal. Alternatively, thelocal timing circuit may be utilized when a global timing signal is notreceived (e.g., when a card configured only to use the U.S. Atomic ClockSignal travels to Europe for a week).

A dynamic credit card may also not include a display and the credit cardnumber may be updated continually in real time.

As stated above, an encoder may be provided in a dynamic credit card.Such an encoder may be utilized to realize a number of useful functions.An encoder allows for information to be written on a magnetic stripe (orread by a magnetic stripe reader). Thus, a dynamic credit card mayutilize free space on the magnetic stripe to write additionalinformation. Such information may take many forms and generally may bereferred to as dynamic feedback information. For example, softwareand/or circuitry may be included on the dynamic credit card to detect ifa person has attempted to hack into the dynamic credit card. Thus,information may be transmitted to the credit card authorization facilityrepresentative of the status, or state, of the credit card (e.g.,SECURE, INSECURE). As per another example, information as to thecomponents of the credit card may be transmitted as feedbackinformation. For example, if circuitry and/or software detects that abattery is a week from dying or is storing below a particular thresholdof energy information can be transmitted with the next credit cardpurchase stating that a battery is weak. In turn, the authorizationfacility may utilize the weak battery information and send out areplacement card (or replacement battery) so that the user receives thereplacement card (or battery) before the user's battery dies. The amountof energy stored in the one or more batteries may also be transmitted asfeedback information.

Such dynamic feedback information may be displayed to the user via adisplay on the credit card (e.g., by displaying “weak battery” or“insecure”). Alternatively, the credit card authorization facility maypublish dynamic information on a website associated to the user (orcredit card). In this manner, a user may see “weak battery” on thedisplay of the credit card and then log into a website to see additionalinformation such as “weak battery, 9 days left” or “weak batter, 15magnetic stripe writes left.” As a result, a complete feedback loop isprovided in credit cards. Additional information may be sent to a creditcard authorization facility by writing to a magnetic stripe andinformation may be returned to the user via a display or website. Ifeach dynamic credit card receives a signal, then information may be fedback to the dynamic credit card directly from the credit cardauthorization facility through this signal. Thus, for example, within aperiod of time (e.g., one minute) of making a purchase, the credit cardmay be notified that the purchase was approved and is completed and may,accordingly, notify the user that the purchase was approved. Such anotification can take many forms such as, for example, displaying texton the display screen or causing the credit card to vibrate.

Alternatively still, a dynamic credit card may be realized by utilizinga counter, random number generator, or pseudorandom number generator toprovide a coded number. If a counter is provided, the counter may beincremented periodically (or when the credit card is used). The countermay be utilized in a coding function and this number may also betransmitted to a authorization facility when the dynamic credit cardnumber is transmitted to the authorization facility.

When making an online credit card purchase, a security code (e.g., acredit card verification code such as a three or four digit credit cardverification code) may also be submitted as part of a credit cardauthorization process. Such a security code may also be dynamic and maybe utilized to transmit information on how to decode/verify that thedynamic credit card number is valid. For example, the dynamic securitycode may be the counter number itself. Thus, if the counter number isused to encode a secure credit card number by a formula, the counter issent to the authorization facility which may, in turn, decode thedynamic credit card number by a formula using the counter number toobtain, and verify through comparison, the secure credit card number.

A dynamic security code may be provided on a display screen separatefrom the dynamic credit card number or the dynamic security code may beprovided on the same display screen as the dynamic credit card number.Additionally, a dynamic credit card may be provided with a dynamicsecurity code and a static credit card number such that only the dynamicsecurity code changes. Such an embodiment may, or may not, include anencoder. Thus, a credit card may be provided that includes a dynamicsecurity code for online purchases. The dynamic security code may changeperiodically (e.g., roughly every one minute, ninety seconds, twominutes, or a time in between these intervals such as one hundredseconds) and an online credit card authorization facility may check tomake sure the dynamic security code is valid for a particular period oftime (e.g., the period of time the dynamic security code was received orthe period of time associated with a time stamp sent with the dynamicsecurity code).

A number of embodiments may be fabricated that utilizes a counter. Forexample, if the counter is large enough (or the period that the counteris clocked at is slow enough) then the counter may take decades beforethe counter has reached its last number. Such a counter may take decadesbefore a dynamic credit card has to be replaced or the dynamic creditcard numbers repeat. A counter may reset after the counter has exceededthe maximum limit of the counter. Such a counter may be utilized as itsown clock such that every time a particular counter number is reached(e.g., 111111), a dynamic number is changed (e.g., a new dynamic numberis retrieved from a table of numbers, the next dynamic number is used,or the dynamic number is obtained by coding a number with a clockrepresentative of the time or period of time). A dynamic credit card mayinclude multiple clocks. For example, one clock may keep track of theperiod of time until a change occurs (e.g., a one-minute clock) while alarger clock keeps track of the time period that the smaller clock iscounting down (e.g., a minute/hour/day/month/year time or another numberrepresentative of a particular period of time).

A random number generator may be utilized in lieu of a counter and thisrandom number may be utilized as part of a coding function andtransmitted to a authorization facility via a security code oradditional dynamic information on the credit card. For example, a randomnumber generator may be provided that appears random but that may alwaysprovide a particular number at a particular iteration. For example, whensuch a random number generator is first turned on, the first numberoutputted from the generator may always be the same. Thus, informationabout the generators iteration may be provided to a credit cardauthorization facility and the credit card authorization facility mayuse such iteration information to determine whether or not the receivedinformation is representative of a valid credit card number for thatiteration. The iteration may be periodically changed by a clock.

A pseudo random number generator may be utilized such that noise data isinserted according to a function into a number (e.g., a number from therandom number generator). This pseudorandom number (and possibledecoding information) may be transmitted to a credit card authorizationfacility such that the noise data is removed and the random number isobtained. The random number may then be utilized to decode the dynamiccredit card number (or dynamic security code) to the secure credit cardnumber (or the secure security code).

The encoder may take numerous forms. For example, the encoder may takethe form of an array of conductive wires. The array may be aligned witha magnetic stripe. Positive and negative voltages may be applied to thearray such that a particular number is written to the magnetic stripe.Accordingly, reversing the current through the wires may change thepolarities of the magnetic fields created by the wires. Thus, such anarray of conductive wires may be able to flip, or define, theNorth-South magnetic domains (and flux reversals) found on the magneticstripe. The wires may be formed into a ring (e.g., a solenoid) that hasa gap such that a North-South field (or a South-North field) is createdin the gap. One or more such rings may be utilized to write to any datapoint on the magnetic stripe. Thus, the rings, or wires, may conductcurrent one at a time (e.g., left-to-write) to write to a magneticstripe without moving the magnetic stripe or the solenoid.

As a traditional reader reads flux reversals (e.g., “North-North” and“South-South” interfaces) by reading either a plus or negative voltage,flux reversals may be created by an array of wires that induce positiveand negative voltages in the reader such that the need for a magneticstripe is removed entirely.

In addition to storing credit card numbers and expiration dates on amagnetic strip, an account identification number, or the name of theuser, may also be stored on a magnetic strip. As such, the user of theaccount can be determined such that the dynamic credit card number maybe verified.

Alternatively, only the security code (e.g., only the credit cardverification code) may be dynamic such that the credit card number isutilized to determine the user. Thus, a dynamic security code may beformed by applying a time or counter signal to a formula with a securesecurity code, the dynamic security code may be sent, and the dynamicsecurity may be decoded and compared to a copy of the secure code at theauthorization facility for verification.

A dynamic credit card may also be provided with a number of differentcoding schemes (or secure numbers to utilize in a coding scheme toproduce a dynamic coded number). As such, a bank may store theinformation about each scheme (or secure number) in different locationssuch that if one location is compromised (e.g., the secure number datais stolen from a facility) the dynamic credit card can switch to adifferent scheme (or secure number) without threat of fraudulent use.Such a scheme may be controlled by a user through a manual switch.Alternatively, a credit card may receive signals indicative of a switchin schemes and the credit card may, accordingly, switch to a particularscheme. The type of scheme (which may just be a switch in the securenumber that is coded) may be provided on a display of the dynamic creditcard to verify that a particular scheme is being utilized (e.g., so auser can know if the card has manually configured to scheme two afterthe user hears news reports that all Bank of America Cards need to bechanged to scheme 2). Accordingly, a credit card authorization facilitymay check to see if another scheme is being utilized and may returninformation to the card reader (or a device coupled to the card reader)instructing the administrator of the card reader to tell the user tochange schemes (or for the administrator to change schemeshimself/herself).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The principles and advantages of the present invention can be moreclearly understood from the following detailed description considered inconjunction with the following drawings, in which the same referencenumerals denote the same structural elements throughout, and in which:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a dynamic credit card constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a dynamic credit card constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a dynamic credit card constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a dynamic credit card constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of a dynamic credit card network topologyconstructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a dynamic credit card constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a dynamic credit card constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a dynamic credit card with a dynamicsecurity code constructed in accordance with the principles of thepresent invention;

FIG. 9 is an illustration of a dynamic credit card with a dynamic creditcard number, security code, and expiration date constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an illustration of a manufacturing process constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an illustration of dynamic credit cards constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an illustration of dynamic credit cards constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an illustration of dynamic credit cards constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is an illustration of dynamic credit cards constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is an illustration of dynamic cards constructed in accordancewith the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is an illustration of a dynamic card with multiple codingschemes constructed in accordance with the principles of the presentinvention;

FIG. 17 is an illustration of process flow charts constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention; and

FIG. 18 is an illustration of process flow charts constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows dynamic credit card 100 that may include, for example,display 130, processing circuitry, memory, a receiver, and one or morebatteries (or other source of power). Credit card 100 also may includesmart chip 120 (or other circuitry), security number 103 (e.g., creditcard verification code), expiration date 101, and cardholder name 102.Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that writings on a surface ofthe credit card may be printed and/or pressed into a housing. Forexample the name of the user may be pressed into the interior side ofthe front of a dynamic credit card so that the name extends out from thefront surface of the credit card.

Display 130 may be utilized to, for example, display dynamic credit cardnumber 131, a dynamic security number such as a verification code (e.g.,number 103), the status of the card (e.g., statuses 132-135), and/or thetime left before dynamic credit card number 131 changes via timinginformation 136. Timing information 136 (or additional timinginformation) may be provide to display the time left before a dynamicsecurity number, or any other type of information, changes. Displayscreen 130 may extend from, or may be aligned with, the surface of thefront of dynamic credit card 100.

Dynamic credit card 100 may be provided such that the credit card numberon display 130 changes periodically. As shown in timing chart 140, thecredit card number may be “2424 242424 24242” during the one period ofoperation (e.g., period 141 such as the first ninety seconds) and thenchange to “4848 484848 48484” during the next period of operation (e.g.,period 142 such as the second ninety seconds). In this manner, thecredit card number changes such that the credit card number is dynamic.As a result, the credit card number may generally not be copied down andutilized again in the future. A processing facility is providing withinformation such that the processing facility can validate a dynamicnumber (e.g., a dynamic credit card number or a dynamic security codesuch as a credit card verification code). Thus, a user can purchaseitems using a dynamic credit card and a processing facility canauthorize such purchases by recognizing that a dynamic number is valid(e.g., valid for a particular period of time).

Realizing a dynamic credit card number (or any dynamic number), and thefunctionality needed to verify the dynamic credit card number (or anydynamic number) at a processing/authorization facility, may beaccomplished in a variety of ways.

For example, a private key (or equation) and a secure credit card number(e.g., a private number) may be known to both the dynamic credit card(e.g., stored in the memory of a dynamic credit card) and theprocessing/authorization facility. In this manner, a timing signal maybe received by the dynamic credit card (e.g., from a GPS satellite oranother timing signal such as a clock located in the dynamic creditcard) and the dynamic credit card may produce a dynamic credit cardnumber based on the received time (e.g., a particular period of time),the private key (or equation) and the private credit card number. Theprocessing facility may also have a clock and may utilize the privatekey, private credit card number, the dynamic number, and the time (e.g.,a particular period of time) to verify that the dynamic number iscorrect for that period of time (or a string of consecutive periods oftime).

The processing facility may, for example, receive a time stamp with thedynamic number and any other information received from a dynamic creditcard (e.g., account identification information and expiration date). Theprocessing facility may use the time stamp, the received dynamic creditcard information (and any other received information), the private key,and the private number to verify that the dynamic number is correct forthat period of time (or a string of consecutive periods of time thatinclude, and are located near, the time stamp). As such, onlinepurchases that are not immediately processed, or that have a particulardelay (e.g., 30 minutes), may still be processed. A time stamp may alsobe utilized, for example, in situations where a credit card number istaken over the phone and is not immediately processed (e.g., the buyerrequests additional information before confirming a purchase). A timestamp may be indicative of, for example, a particular time or period oftime.

To obtain periodic functionality, year, month, day, and minuteinformation may be utilized as well as leap year and daylight savingstime data. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that while adynamic credit card may receive a large amount of timing information(e.g., year, month, day, hour, minute, and second information), adynamic credit card may only utilize a portion of this data (e.g., theminute information) and may discard the rest of the data. By onlyutilizing the minute information, for example, the dynamic credit cardmay provide a dynamic credit card number (or, for example, a dynamicsecurity code) that changes approximately every minute.

Similarly, not utilizing the minute information, but using hourinformation may provide a dynamic number that changes approximatelyevery hour. The speed at which the dynamic number changes may be changedat any time during operation for any reason. For example, if the dynamiccredit card detects tampering, the dynamic credit card may decrease theperiod (e.g., speed up changing of the dynamic numbers). Thus, a dynamiccredit card that has a limited amount of credit card numbers (e.g.,retrieves a number from a stored table of numbers) may quickly exhaust apool of available numbers. If the rate of change is increased beyond therefresh rate of the display, then the numbers may not be able to bedisplayed. Alternatively, if the rate of change is increased beyond therate that a user can discern the numbers, then a user may not be able tovisibly see the numbers. Speeding up the rate at which a dynamic numberchanges, however, may also make it impossible for a user to enter anumber online (e.g., enter a dynamic security code). Moreover, changingthe rate of the dynamic number may cause the dynamic number to becomeout of synchronization with the processing facility. Thus, althoughdynamic numbers may be produced, the dynamic numbers may not be able tobe validated by the processing facility. Thus, changing the rate atwhich a dynamic number changes may render a dynamic credit card useless.As such, a dynamic credit card may also increase the period of change(e.g., slow down the change) such that future dynamic numbers cannot bevalidated because such future dynamic numbers may be out of synch with aprocessing facility.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a dynamic credit cardnumber may be produced without the need for a private number such as aprivate credit card number or security code (e.g., a number stored inboth the credit card and a remote facility). For example, the timingsignal may just be encoded based on the private key (or equation) andthe resultant encoded number utilized as a dynamic credit card number.Alternatively, the timing signal may be coded using the private creditcard number.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a private key may be anequation or formula that uses one or more other variables (e.g., aprivate credit card number and/or a timing signal such as a particulartime or period of time) to generate a coded number (e.g., a dynamiccredit card number). Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that oneor more private keys (e.g., an equation or formula) may be utilized tocode different numbers for a dynamic credit card. For example, oneprivate key may be utilized to code a dynamic credit card number whileanother private key may be utilized to code a dynamic security code(e.g., a verification code).

Additionally, a number of private keys (and/or private numbers) may bestored in a credit card and such private keys (and/or private numbers)may be changed periodically (e.g., every day or week). A similar numberof private keys (and/or private numbers) may be stored in a remotefacility (e.g., a remote server), the selection of which may bedetermined by a particular time (e.g., a particular day or a particularweek).

At the processing/authorization facility, or at any remote device, thedynamic credit card number may be received and either decoded based on areplica of the private key and/or private number of the credit card thatis stored at, or accessible by, the facility (e.g., stored on a databaseor server).

If company can process a credit card number faster than the period ofchange, no timing information may, for example, be transmitted to aprocessing/authorization facility as the processing/authorizationfacility may be substantially in synchronization the company. Personsskilled in the art will appreciate that internal clocks (orclock/oscillator driven counters) may accumulate errors. Persons skilledin the art will also appreciate that delays may occur if a timing signalis transmitted wirelessly to a dynamic credit card. As such, the periodof change may be set such to take into account processing delays (e.g.,the amount of time it takes to authorize a card) as well as internalerrors for a period of time (e.g., clock errors) and/or transmissiondelays.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a processing facilitymay authorize dynamic numbers that are valid for a particular number ofperiods before, or after, the period being utilized by the remotefacility. Such a process may be initiated, for example, if the receiveddynamic number cannot be validated. The processing facility may, if adynamic number is recognized for another period of time within a definedamount of time from the period of time being utilized by the processingfacility, keep track of nearby valid dynamic numbers and, so long as theprocess is not abused or the error is maintained, validate such numbers.As such, the processing facility may, for example, detect timing errorsin the dynamic number and either validate future dynamic numbers withthe same (or a similar error) or readjust the timing signal utilized bythe remote facility (e.g., introduce errors into the facilities timinggenerator such as reducing a counter by a particular amount of time orresetting a counter). Persons skilled in the art will also appreciatethat no timing signals may be utilized. For example, a credit card may,at the push of a button on the dynamic credit card, generate a newnumber (e.g., from a list of stored numbers). A remote facility maydetermine if the button was pressed on the dynamic credit card bydetermining if a future dynamic number is valid and, if a future numberis valid, the remote facility may invalidate all numbers located beforethe newly validated number. At the next transaction, the dynamicfacility may, for example, attempt to validate the received number withthe number located after the newly validated number. A tables may store,for example, a dynamic number and a pointer to the next entry. Thus, aprocessor may read a dynamic number and utilize the pointer to determinethe location of the next dynamic number.

A remote processing/authorization facility may, for example, perform thesame process as the dynamic credit card and compare the facility'sdynamic number with the received dynamic number for verification. Forexample, a remote facility may include any equations and variablesneeded by the dynamic credit card to generate a dynamic number and mayperform an operation similar to the one performed by the dynamic creditcard to generate its own dynamic number. The remote facility may thencompare the received dynamic number to the generated dynamic number tosee if the two numbers are the same.

A remote processing/authorization facility may decode a dynamic numberusing an equation and/or a private key (which may be an equation itselfor a variable) to obtain a resultant number and compare this numberagainst a private number for approval. If the decoded number matches theprivate number (which may, or may not, be the same private number storedin the credit card), then the dynamic number may be validated.

Thus, a dynamic credit card may be utilized using traditionalinfrastructure and may be utilized for online (or telephonic) purchasesand purchases that require the card to be swiped (or entered manuallyinto a credit card reader). Persons skilled in the art will appreciatethat the dynamic number may be decoded at any point in avalidation/authorization process. For example, an online store mayinclude the components (e.g., software) necessary to decode the dynamicnumber such that a decoded number (e.g., a credit card number) may betransmitted to a credit card processing facility.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a processing facility,or any device decoding a number, may utilize an identification number toidentify the account/card that produced the dynamic number. Theidentification number may then be utilized to look up, for example, theprivate key and/or private number of the account/card such that adynamic number can be generated from the retrieved information (andcompared to the received dynamic number) or the retrieved informationcan be utilized to decode the dynamic number such that the card may bevalidated. Thus, multiple users may be utilizing the same dynamic numberat any one time and the identify of the account/card can still bedetermined (e.g., by using the identification information).

Identification information is utilized to identify a credit card. Assuch, multiple users may be utilizing the same dynamic number (e.g., adynamic credit card number or a dynamic verification code) at any time.Generally, the identification information is simply utilized to identifya credit card such that a dynamic number can be, for example,retrieved/generated for a particular period of time for the identifiedcredit card and compared to the received dynamic number.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that one-click shopping maystill be realized by storing the time information when the credit cardnumber was stored on a website (e.g., providing a time stamp). Thistiming information may be sent to the credit card processing facilitysuch that the credit card processing facility may authorize payment bydetermining if the number was valid for the time period representativeof the timing information that was received. The transmission of timinginformation may also be utilized if, for example, a credit card companytakes a relatively long time to process purchases.

The dynamic credit card number may always be transformed into aparticular credit card format so that the number can be verified ashaving the appropriate format before, for example, the number istransmitted to a credit card processing/authorization facility. Forexample, a coding equation may be utilized that always produces numbersthat fit a particular format.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a dynamic credit cardsystem may allow multiple users to have the same dynamic number at anyparticular time. As a result, additional information may be transmittedto identify the user. For example, an account number and/or name may beutilized. Alternatively, for example, a traditional credit card numbermay be written on a traditional magnetic stripe. Such a credit cardnumber may be used for identifying the user. A dynamic security code(e.g., a four digit security code such as a verification code) may thenbe provided that changes periodically. Such dynamic information (e.g.,the dynamic security code) could be written to a portion of the magneticstripe that does not have the traditional credit card number or thedynamic information (e.g., the dynamic security code) may be displayedto a user.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that no timing signal isneeded. Instead a counter (or random number generator that operatessimilar to a random number generator in a processing facility) may beutilized to produce a key that is used in an equation to manipulate acredit card number. Such a counter number (or random number) may beprovided to a processing facility so that the processing facility maydecode (or perform the same function as the dynamic credit card andcompare the results). In such an embodiment, such a credit card numbermay be invalidated at the facility if, for example, any particularnumber is used more than a particular number of times (e.g., more than10 times). Such a counter may be increased after every purchase (e.g.,after a user presses a button to change the number). As per anotherexample, if a counter is used and the counter is increased when a numberis used (or the credit card believes that a number has been used), thenumber of transactions operable of being made may be limited by thestorage capacity of the counter.

Portion 150 shows an example of a dynamic number, particularly a dynamiccredit card number, that is dependent on time. Here, the private numberis “1212 121212 12121” and the private key is “2.” Thus, one encryptionalgorithm may be the private number multiplied by the private keymultiplied by the timing information. If the answer is larger than thenumber of digits utilized to represent a dynamic number than the numbermay be scaled down using a MOD operation or by simple cutting off eitherthe appropriate number of starting or end bits (or a combination ofboth). The processing/authorization side may then perform the sameoperation as the dynamic credit card and compare the results or maydecode the received information and compare the result of the decodingagainst a stored value (e.g., a private key or a private credit cardnumber). For example, decryption 154 may divide the dynamic credit cardnumber by 2 and then divide this by the time and compare the result tothe private credit card number. Persons skilled in the art willappreciate that the private key may be the encryption algorithm itself(e.g., multiply the private number by the time period, or time, andtwo).

Timing information may be utilized to select a private key, privatenumber, and/or encryption algorithm that is utilized for that particularamount of time. As such, for example, timing information is not directlyneeded in an encryption algorithm to encrypt a number and provide adynamic number. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that aprivate number is not needed and that, for example, timing informationmay be encrypted with a private key to generate a dynamic number).

Status information 132-135 may also be provided on a dynamic creditcard. Such status information may include, for example, active status132 indicative of whether the card is still producing valid numbers.Status information may include expired 134 that may be indicative ofwhether the card has expired. Status information may include validstatus 133 indicative of whether the card has not been tampered with.Status information may include falsified status 135 that may beindicative of whether the card has been tampered with. Additional statusinformation may include, for example, an exhausted status that may beindicative of the card exhausting all valid credit card numbers (e.g.,the table of credit card numbers has been used). Timing status 136 maybe utilized and may be indicative of, for example, when the dynamicnumber is expected to change. Alternatively, the display of a dynamicnumber may change when the dynamic number is about to change. Forexample, a number may dim as the time the number has been activeincreases (e.g., the amount of time before a change decreases). Thenumber may begin to dim at a particular time (e.g., halfway through aperiod). The number may then disappear and not be displayed at aninterval of time right before the change (e.g., during the last fiveseconds before a change) Thus, the dynamic number itself may be modifiedto be indicative of an upcoming dynamic number change. Timinginformation may include a number that counts down (e.g., a numberrepresentative of the seconds left before the number changes).

Additional status information may include for example, the amount ofdynamic numbers that have been generated or the amount of time thecredit card has been active for. Additional status information may alsoinclude, for example, the current date and time such that a user makinga purchase to a person over the telephone knows the time and day fromthe perspective of the credit card (e.g., so that the telephone operatormay generate a time stamp for the dynamic number).

FIG. 2 shows dynamic credit card 200 that may include display circuitry220 (and a display), memory 230, processor 240, clock 250, receiver 260,encoder/writer circuitry 270 and 290, and magnetic stripe 280, one ormore additional clocks/counters, and one or more batteries.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that for credit card readersoperable to read from a smart chip (e.g., read a smart card),information may be transmitted to the reader via the smart chip (e.g.,via the smart card). Such information may include, for example, adynamic credit card number, a dynamic security code such as averification code, identification information (e.g., a user/account/cardidentification number/name), and an expiration date. In such an example,the smart chip may also be utilized as processing circuitry (e.g., asprocessor 240).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that if the period of adynamic credit card number is long enough, one or more local clocks maybe all that is needed. For example, clocking circuitry may take decadesbefore such circuitry is OFF by more than a minute. Thus, a dynamiccredit card may utilize clocking circuitry if the period of change is aminute or more for decades without providing an incorrect dynamic numberand the reception of a timing signal would not be necessary.Alternatively, for systems in which the dynamic credit card number isupdated at a quick pace, an internal clock may also be beneficial assome clock signals take a minute or more to be transmitted. Thus, thetiming signal that is received via a receiver may be utilized to reset,or correct any errors in, one or more internal clocks.

A clock operable of measuring a period of time may be fabricated from,for example, a counter and an oscillator. The counter may have a maximumcapacity associated to the particular period of time and may overflowback to zero (e.g., reset) after counter has been increased past themaximum capacity of the counter. A second counter may be provided thatmay be incremented every time the counter overflows (or hits aparticular number). Such a second counter may have a large capacity andthe second counter may be utilized to generate a dynamic number. Thesecond counter may be used as, for example, a key in a coding equation.Alternatively, the second counter may be utilized to generate a numberfrom a random number generator (e.g., to determine the iteration of therandom number generator).

FIG. 3 shows credit card 300 that may include any type of componentssuch as, for example, the components of credit card 200. Credit card 300may include, for example, a magnetic stripe (which may include numerousinformation tracks such as three information tracks), encoder circuitry350 and 360, processor 330, memory 320, and a location receiver 340(e.g., a GPS or Galileo receiver).

A location signal receiver may utilize received location signals astiming signals if, for example, timing signals can be derived from thelocation signals. Alternatively, the ability to locate a credit card maybe utilized advantageously in a traditional credit card. For example,the inclusion of a locating feature may assist in locating a lost, orstolen, card. Location information may also be utilized to provide adynamic number (e.g., a dynamic credit card number) and locationinformation may be transmitted to a processing/authorization facility,or any facility or computer, in order to decode, or encode and compare,a dynamic number that has been generated on location information.Location information may be written to a magnetic stripe such that aprocessing facility receives information representative of locationinformation.

Location information, or any information, may also be embedded into adynamic number such that feedback can occur when a card is used online.For example, a dynamic credit card may generate a dynamic number andthen add a number representative of additional information (e.g., alocation) to the dynamic number in order to embed the additionalinformation with the dynamic number. The processing facility may thenalso generate a dynamic number (using private and timing information)and determine the embedded number by determining the amount that wasadded to the dynamic number. Thus, additional information may be fedback to a processing facility even when the card is utilized online. Assuch, a card may be stolen and may generate a number in Maryland, butmay be used to buy an item on an online store by an accomplice locatedin Florida. By embedding location information, aprocessing/authorization facility (which may be the online store) maydetermine that the number was generated in Maryland (by retrieving theembedded location information) and may alert the Maryland authorities ordecline the transaction because the IP address of the purchasingcomputer was located in Florida (not Maryland). If fraudulent use isdetected, a system may put a HOLD on the account such that the accountcannot be used (e.g., until the owner verifies possession of the dynamiccredit card).

FIG. 4 shows dynamic credit card housing comprising layers 410, 420, and430 coupled together via glue 425. A portion of layer 425 may be cut outsuch that space is provided in which circuitry may be stored. Similarly,layer 410 may include a cavity that may house dynamic credit cardcircuitry (e.g., a portion of dynamic credit card circuitry). Additionallayers may be provided with cutouts for circuitry. For example, adisplay may be taller than layer 420 although all other circuitry maynot be taller than layer 420. As such one or more additional layers maybe included with a cutout just for a display. Such additional layers mayincrease the structural integrity of a dynamic credit card. Layers thatprovide a top or rear surface of a dynamic credit card (e.g., layers 420and 430) may include, for example, cutouts for input/output devices. Forexample, layer 420 may include a cutout for a display while layer 410may include a cutout for a magnetic stripe encoder. Cutouts may also beformed along the edges of any layer such that components may reside insuch cutouts and may extend out of a housing (e.g., for a manual switchthat switches between coding schemes).

FIG. 5 shows network topology 500 that may include network 550 that maycommunicate with, and route information to/from, credit card processingfacilities or merchants 510, computers 520, credit card companies 530,banks 540, dynamic and/or location cards 570, atomic clock signaltransmitters 580, location information transmitters 590, or any othercomponents, devices, or structures 560 (e.g., a remote server).

FIG. 6 shows dynamic credit card 600 that may include housing comprisedof layer 610, layer 620, layer 630, and magnetic stripe 611. Credit card640 may include circuitry 650 (e.g., memory, power source, timingcircuitry, processor, and an encoder) and magnetic stripe 671. Aprotective layer 661 may be provided on protective housing 660 such thatthe magnetic stripe is protected from wear when protective layer 660 isattached to credit card 640 (e.g., via 672 and 662 mechanicalconnections). Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that encodercircuitry may be included not only in credit card 640 for writing tomagnetic stripe 671 but also layer 660. In doing so, electromagneticfields, or other signals that can write to a magnetic stripe, may beprovided by layer 660 (e.g., so that one or both sides of magneticstripe 671 may receive electromagnetic fields or other signals such thata write operation may occur). Layers 620 and 630 may not be long, orwide, as layer 610. Layer 610 may include an encoder and/or magneticstripe such that the encoder and/or magnetic stripe are not covered bylayers 620 and 630.

FIG. 7 shows dynamic credit card 700 that includes housing fabricatedfrom layers 710, 720, 730, and magnetic stripe 721 to form housing 750that may store circuitry 750. Layer 770 may attach to, and be removedfrom, housing 750. Layer 770 may surround both sides of magnetic stripe781 and may include the magnetic stripe encoder (which may, in turn,interface with circuitry 750 when attached such as interface throughelectrical connections located in mechanical connections 772). Layer 770may have its own a source of power (e.g., a batter) such that layer 770may be replaced when such a source of power dies instead of the entirecredit card as persons skilled in the art will appreciate that theencoder may require the most amount of power out of all of thecomponents of a dynamic credit card. Layer 770 may also receive powerfrom a battery in housing 650 through electrical connections located inmechanical connection 772.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the capability to writeto a magnetic strip on a credit card “on the go” may realize a number ofadvantageous features. For example, information may be fed back to aprocessing/authorization facility by writing such information to themagnetic strip. Such information may include, for example, purchasedproduct information, credit card status information, batteryinformation, or any other type of information. Similar information maybe included in a dynamic number such as an embedded dynamic number suchthat the information may be fed back when online purchases are made.Such information may also be included, for example, in a dynamic numberby utilizing an expiration date as a dynamic number (or by utilizing anaccount holder name as a dynamic number) such that the information maybe fed back when online purchases are made.

Tamper-proof software and hardware may be provided on a dynamic creditcard. For example, software may be included to detect tampering of aclock if a thief attempts to speed up an internal clock (e.g., byspeeding up an oscillator) or by transmitting a fake clock signal to acard. For example, additional clocks may be utilized and driven bydifferent oscillators in order to determine whether or not a particularclock is being sped up or if a timing signal is being received at aninappropriate time. Similarly, information about previouslytransmitted/received information may be stored on the dynamic creditcard such that the dynamic credit card can determine if a receivedsignal (e.g., a received timing signal) does not reside in a predictedinterval. Such software may then write to the encoder and transmit suchinformation to the credit card facility or may be embedded in a dynamicnumber or transmitted inside of a dynamic number (e.g., transmitted as adynamic expiration date). Such information may be parsed in the creditcard information (or encoded with the credit card information) such thatno one single portion of a magnetic strip contains such additionalinformation.

Tamper-proof hardware may also be provided. More particularly, a wiremay be glued to both sides of a housing such that if the housing isremoved, the wire is cut. Current may be flowed through the wire andsensed such that if the wire is cut, the current will not flow andinformation that the housing has been opened may be transmitted to theprocessing facility. The operation of such a card, however, may notchange such that the credit card may still produce dynamic numbers.Information, however, may be fed back to an authorization facilitythrough the magnetic stripe of a card that that is indicative of a cardhaving been opened. Thus, the authorization facility may, for example,alert authorities (e.g., a police station in the vicinity of the creditcard purchase or the administrator of a credit card reader), but stillprocess/authenticate the received number. As such, a user may still usethe card until the user is caught. Alternatively, the processingfacility may receive data indicative of a card having been opened (orotherwise tampered with) and may not authorize the purchase. Personsskilled in the art will appreciate that a wire does not have to be cutin order to produce a signal that the card has been opened. For example,a hall-effect sensor may be placed on a circuit and a magnet may bealigned with the magnet such that the sensor determines when the magnetis not in the presence of the sensor.

A dynamic credit card may allow for less digits to be utilized torepresent a credit card number as a result of the increased security.Thus, such additional information may be encoded (or parsed into) thedynamic credit card number such that the information is also transmittedwhen orders are placed online.

FIG. 8 shows dynamic credit card 800 that may include display screen 803for displaying a security code (e.g., a credit card verificationnumber). The credit card number may be printed and/or pressed into card810. A smart card chip may be provided as chip 820. The expiration datemay be printed and/or pressed into card 810 as well as, for example,account holder name 802. The security code may be changed periodically(e.g., approximately every minute, ninety seconds, two minutes, or atime located therebetween). The dynamic security code (e.g., a creditcard verification code) may be manipulated when the number is about tochange (e.g., the number may be dimmed) or additional information may beprovided representative of the time that is left before a change and/orbattery power of the device. A magnetic stripe encoder may be provided(e.g., to feed back information or to transmit the dynamic credit cardnumber) or a magnetic stripe encoder may not be provided (e.g., just amagnetic stripe is provided). The dynamic number may change as a resultof information stored in a counter that may, for example, be driven byan oscillator. The display for the security code may be locatedoff-center and near a corner of the front of the dynamic credit card.

FIG. 9 shows dynamic credit card 900 that may include display screen931. Display screen 931 may include, for example, dynamic credit cardnumber 931, dynamic security code 932 (e.g., a dynamic verificationcode), dynamic expiration date 933, and number changing information 934.Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that display screen 931 maybe extended to include and display any type of information. For example,display 931 may include the name of an account holder as well as theaddress of the account holder. Dynamic credit card 931 may providedynamic name and/or address information such that more information maybe fed back to a processing facility when a purchase is made online. Forexample, instead of a user typing in the name “Jeffrey Mullen,” the usermay be directed to enter the name “XRE3343 KUQE8N” and the processingfacility may decode such dynamic information to determine that thebattery is at 30% capacity and that the credit card has not been opened.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the dynamic credit cardmay transmit (e.g., via a user entering in information on an onlinewebsite from a display or via a magnetic stripe) information indicativeof the credit card being a dynamic credit card. Thus, a processingfacility may receive information that the credit card is a dynamiccredit card and can utilize the other received information in any way.For example, a processing facility may receive information that thecredit card is a dynamic credit card and then know to utilize thereceived dynamic expiration date information as part of a dynamicverification code instead of an expiration date (which the system may doif, for example, information indicative of the card being dynamic is notreceived).

FIG. 10 shows manufacturing process 1000. Process 1000 may include sheet1010, electronic packages 1020, and sheet 1030 that may be fixedtogether and cut to form any number of dynamic credit cards.Particularly, a sheet (e.g., a top sheet) may be fabricated and may beprinted/pressed in step 1051. The bottom sheet may be fabricated and maybe printed/pressed in step 1052. Electronic packages may be assembled instep 1053 and such electronic packages may be aligned with the twosheets in step 1054. The sheets and electronics may then be fixedtogether in step 1055. The cards may then be cut out of the fixed sheetsin step 1060 and sent to credit card companies in step 1059. The cardsmay then be programmed at the credit card company at step 1058. Forexample, chips and/or memory may be programmed and then inserted into,and fixed to, the dynamic credit card in step 1058. Persons skilled inthe art will appreciate that a credit card company, or any company, mayreceive credit cards that do not have a front faceplate on them. Thus,the credit cards may be programmed for a particular user, informationabout the particular user may be pressed/printed into the faceplate(e.g., the name of the user), and the faceplate may be fixed to the cardafter programming. The cards may be packaged with a user manual andshipped in step 1056.

FIG. 11 shows dynamic information topologies 1100. Topology 1110 may bea display that displays a fifteen digit number. Persons skilled in theart will appreciate that a credit card number may be, for example,fifteen digits in length. Persons skilled in the art will appreciatethat a number may be in any form (e.g., binary, trinary, hexadecimal,base 10, or alphanumeric).

A topology may be provided for display 120 may be provided that includesa credit card number 1121 such as a fifteen digit credit card number,verification code 1122 such as a four digit verification code, andexpiration date 1123 such as a four digit expiration date. Providinginformation 1121-1123 as dynamic information may allow 23 digits ofdynamic information to be displayed (e.g., 8 digits more than thedynamic credit card number). Timing status may be provided on display1120 as status 1124.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the extra digits may beutilized to, for example, provide identification information. Such extradigits may be encrypted using an equation known to both the credit cardand the processing facility. As such, the identification information maybe received from the processing facility, decrypted, and then used toretrieve information as to how the other dynamic information was codedsuch that the other dynamic information may be validated.

A topology may be provided for display 130 may be provided that includesa credit card number 1131 such as a fifteen digit credit card number,verification code 1132 such as a three digit verification code, andexpiration date 1133 such as a four digit expiration date. Providinginformation 1131-1133 as dynamic information may allow 22 digits ofdynamic information to be displayed (e.g., 7 digits more than thedynamic credit card number). Timing status may be provided on display1130 as status 1134.

A topology may be provided for display 140 may be provided that includesa credit card number 1141 such as a fifteen digit credit card number andexpiration date 1143 such as a four digit expiration date. Providinginformation 1141 and 1143 as dynamic information may allow 19 digits ofdynamic information to be displayed (e.g., 4 digits more than thedynamic credit card number). Timing status may be provided on display1140 as status 1144.

FIG. 12 shows dynamic information topologies 1120. A topology may beprovided in display 1210 in which a static or dynamic credit card numberis provided. Such a credit card number may take many forms. For example,digits one and two may be representative of credit card type 1211 (e.g.,American Express) while digits three and four may be representative ofsubtype 1212 (e.g., personal credit card, business credit card, AmericanExpress Blue, Airline Miles Card, Cash-back Card). Digits five througheleven may be representative of account number 1213 while digits twelvethrough fourteen may be representative of card number 1214 (e.g., aparticular card associated to the account). The last digit of a fifteendigit dynamic or static credit card number may be indicative of checkdigit 1215. The check digit may be utilized to check if the number(e.g., a static credit card number displayed on a display screen) isvalid by a verification process. Persons skilled in the art willappreciate that any number or information may be of any length. Forexample, a credit card number may be sixteen digits (or alphanumericentries) in length. A credit card type may be a single digit (e.g., thebinary equivalent of a single digit). An account number may be ninedigits in length. Persons skilled in the art will also appreciate thatcertain types of information do not have to be included. For example, acheck digit may not be included in a dynamic credit card (as the dynamicnumber may be a check). Similarly, a subtype may not be included. Forexample, only a dynamic credit card number and identificationinformation may be provided.

A topology may be provided in display 1220 in which a dynamic creditcard number is provided that includes type 1221, identification portions1222 and 1224 and account portion 1223. Persons skilled in the art willappreciate that a credit card number may be received by a credit cardprocessing facility and the processing facility may determine if thenumber is a static number or a dynamic number based on number type 1221.

For example the processing facility may look at the first digit of thecredit card number and use this first digit to determine if the card isa dynamic credit card, a Visa card, a Mastercard, or an American Expresscard. Similarly, the processing facility may look at the first twodigits of the credit card number to determine if a dynamic or staticcredit card number has been received. The credit card processingfacility may then, for example, validate the received number accordingto type 1221. For example, if type 1221 is indicative of a static creditcard number, than the facility (or a card reader) may use a validationprocess associated with the static type. Furthering the example, adifferent static or dynamic type may be provided for different creditcard companies. Thus, one type may be indicative of American Expressdynamic information while another type may be indicative of Visa dynamicinformation. A facility (e.g., a remote server) may then utilize theappropriate verification process for a particular type or the facility(or an online shopping store) may communicate the number (as well as,for example, a time stamp) to the appropriate processing facility (e.g.,a processing facility associated to the determined type. Persons skilledin the art will appreciate that a dynamic number can take any form anddoes not have to follow any standard. The processing facility (or creditcard reader or online store) simply has to be able to recognize that anumber is dynamic and then utilize the numbering structure, if any,associated to a dynamic number (e.g., a particular type of dynamicnumber). Thus, a dynamic credit card number may be in a form differentfrom a static credit card number. As shown the topology of display 1220may be fifteen digits in length and the account number and dynamicidentification number may be the same length (e.g., seven digits). Thusa credit card reader or processing facility that is operable to read andtransmit a credit card number of a particular length (e.g., fifteendigits) does not have to be modified—fifteen digits are still beingtransmitted. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that dynamicidentification portions 1222 and 1224 may be located adjacent to oneanother and that identification portions 1222 and 1224 may be a static(or dynamic number). Identification information may be, for example,encrypted using a simple equation (e.g., the same equation for everycredit card) and may simply be used to identify the account holder suchthat the dynamic account number (e.g., number 1223) may be verifiedbased on information associated with the user. Persons skilled in theart will appreciate that a user may be identified online using his/hername and/or address and a user may be identified through a magneticstripe transmission through identification information stored on amagnetic strip.

A dynamic identification information may have a lookup table where eachtime period has an entry for how to encrypt the identificationinformation. Such a lookup table may be common to all credit cards andprocessing facilities such that every identification number can bedecoded in the same way. Thus, every identification number from a set ofcredit cards (e.g., American Express credit cards) may change, but eachidentification number may be unique identified using only the samecoding/decoding algorithm or scheme.

A topology may be provided in display 1230 in which a dynamic creditcard number is provided that includes type 1231, dynamic identificationportions 232 and 1234 and dynamic account portion 1233. Dynamicidentification information may be longer, or shorter, than dynamicaccount information (e.g., dynamic information utilized to verify acredit card number or an identification number). Identification numbersmay be associated to a particular card such that, for example, a ninedigit identification number can be utilize to provide 999,999,999 creditcards (if 000,000,000 is used as an identification number then1,000,000,000 credit cards may be made).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that an expiration date maybe provided as a dynamic number. Thus, a processing facility (or remoteserver) may recognize that a number is dynamic and, therefore, notutilize the expiration date information as information indicative of theexpiration date but may utilize the expiration date as informationassociated to something else (e.g., a dynamic identification number thatforms part of a dynamic credit card number). Any number provided on anydisplay may be written to a magnetic stripe such that the number may beread by conventional credit card readers. Display 11230 may providenineteen digits by using a dynamic expiration date. Nineteen digits mayalso be provided without using a dynamic expiration date (e.g., by usinga four digit dynamic verification code).

FIG. 13 shows dynamic information topologies 1300. A topology may beprovided in display 1310 in which type information 1311, dynamicinformation 1312, and dynamic information 1313 is provided. A topologymay be provided in display 1320 in which type 1321, dynamic information1322, and dynamic information 1323 may be provided. A topology may beprovided in display 1330 in which type 1331, dynamic information 1332,and dynamic information 1333 may be provided.

FIG. 14 shows topologies 1400 that may include topology 1410 and 1420.Topology 1410 may include static information (e.g., static type 1411 andstatic information such as identification information 1413) and adisplay 1412 that may include dynamic information such as dynamicinformation 1414). If an expiration date is dynamic, the actualexpiration date may be printed on the card so that the user knows thecards expiration date. As long as some data is dynamic, a type may bedynamic. Alternatively, if a credit card information is a combination ofdynamic and static information then a hybrid type may be utilized.

Topology 1420 may be provided that includes static information such astype 1421, information 1422, and dynamic information 1423 displayed ondisplay 1423. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a staticverification code may be printed on the credit card as well as provide adynamic number (e.g., a dynamic number used for something other than averification code). Additional digits may also be utilized to feedinformation back to a processing facility (e.g., a credit card company).Additional information may also be embedded into a number. Personsskilled in the art will appreciate that if identification information iseleven digits in length, then 99,999,999,999 credit card may be made (if00,000,000,000 is used as an identification number then 100,000,000,000credit cards may be made).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the type of the creditcard may be static (e.g., printed on a credit card) such that the typeof the credit card does not change. Such a type may be indicative of adynamic credit card (e.g., a dynamic credit card, a Visa dynamic creditcard, or an American Express dynamic credit card) such that a creditcard reader (or processing facility) can easily identify the type of thecard.

FIG. 15 shows dynamic cards 1500 that may include dynamic phone card1510 and dynamic debit card 1550. Dynamic phone card 1510 may includedisplay 1530 that may include a dynamic phone card number 1531 andtiming information 1534 as well as expiration date 1533 or any othertype of static or dynamic information. Dynamic debit card 1550 mayinclude any variety of dynamic information on a display or staticinformation printed/pressed into debit card 1550.

FIG. 16 shows dynamic credit cards 1600 that may include dynamic creditcards 1610 and 1620. A dynamic credit card may include any number ofdynamic coding schemes that may be changed by, for example, manualcontrol 1615. The dynamic coding scheme that is being utilized by acredit card may, for example, be displayed as scheme information 1611.Thus, a credit card company may keep information for different schemesin different locations. If the information is stolen from one of theselocations, the credit card company can instruct users to change thecoding scheme to a particular scheme. Thus, stolen numbers may not causeany fraudulent use to occur while letting users utilize the same dynamiccredit card. Thus, a user may interact with switch 1615 (e.g., displaythe switch to location 1625 and information representative of the newdynamic scheme may be provided on a display as scheme information 1621on dynamic credit card 1620. Scheme information may also be, forexample, embedded into a dynamic number or written to a magnetic stripe.

FIG. 17 shows flow charts 1710, 1720, 1730, and 1740. Flow chart 1710may include step 1711 during which a dynamic information (e.g., adynamic credit card number, dynamic verification code, or other dynamicnumber may be generated). This dynamic information may be transmitted instep 1712 (and may be transmitted with static information such as thename of the account holder or identification information such as anaccount number). Transmission may take the form of writing informationto a magnetic stripe or displaying information on a display such that auser can enter the information in the checkout/payment stage of anonline shopping process (or read the information over the phone toanother person). The dynamic information (e.g., the dynamic number) maybe verified in step 713 and the purchase may be authorized in step 1714.The dynamic number may then change (e.g., a new dynamic number may begenerated) in step 1715. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate thatdynamic numbers may be utilized for more than just payment. Dynamicnumbers may be utilized for identifying a person (e.g., a dynamic numbermay be provided on a driver's license or passport).

Flow chart 1720 may include step 1721 in which a facility receiveddynamic information, such as a dynamic number, and identificationinformation, such as a static identification number. Persons skilled inthe art will appreciate that a dynamic number may change (e.g.,periodically) while a static number may be constant (e.g.,printed/pressed onto a plastic card or punched through a plastic card).The identification information (e.g., static identification information)may be utilized in step 1722 to retrieve information associated with theidentification information. Such information may include informationregarding how the dynamic credit card number was generated/coded. Thus,the receiving facility (e.g., a processing/authorization server) mayutilize the retrieved information to confirm that the dynamicinformation (e.g., a changing credit card and/or verification number) isvalid. As in one example, step 1723 may use the time the dynamicinformation is received (or the time the dynamic information wastransmitted or time information received indicative of the time thedynamic information was generated) to generate dynamic information instep 1723. The dynamic information received by the processing facilityand the dynamic information generated by the processing facility may becompared in step 1724 to validate or invalidate a purchase, or thedynamic information, in step 1725.

Flow chart 1730 may include step 1731 during which dynamic informationand identification information may be received. The dynamic informationmay be decoded using information associated with the receivedidentification information in step 1732. The decoded dynamic informationmay then be compared with information associated to the identificationinformation (e.g., a private credit card number or a privateverification code) in step 1733 such that a purchase may be validated instep 1734. If the received dynamic information is invalid then nearbydynamic information may be checked in step 1735. For example, thedynamic information for adjacent and nearby time periods may beprocessed. Any information at any point of a process may be stored in abuffer or memory in the processing facility (or a dynamic credit card).

Flow chart 1740 may include step 1740 during which dynamic informationis received that is embedded with additional information. Identificationinformation may also be received in step 1741. The identificationinformation may be utilized at the processing/authorization facility toretrieve dynamic information at step 1742 (e.g., may be utilizedretrieve dynamic information for a particular time period) and thisretrieved dynamic information may be compared with the received dynamicinformation to determine any differences. The differences may then bechecked, for example, against stored data (e.g., one or more tables) tosee if the difference is representative of any additional information(e.g., the difference is indicative of a low battery or a card that hasbeen tampered with). Thus, the difference may be used to validate apurchase as numerous values (e.g., the supermajority of values) for adifference may not correlate to a state. Purchases/dynamic informationmay be validated in step 1744 and the embedded information may beutilized in step 1745 (e.g., a new battery or card may be sent to a userif a low battery condition is determined from the embedded information).

FIG. 18 shows flow charts 1800 that may include flow charts 1810, 1820,1830, and 1840. Flow chart 1810 may include receiving a credit cardnumber (or any static or dynamic information) and feedback in step 1811.Feedback may take the form of embedded feedback (e.g., in either anumber displayed on a display or written to a magnetic stripe) oradditional information written to a magnetic stripe. The feedback may beutilized in step 1812 and stored in 1813. The credit card number (e.g.,a static or dynamic credit card number) may be verified in step 1814along with any other validation steps (e.g., the validation of a staticor dynamic verification code) and purchases may be authorized in step1815.

Flow chart 1820 may include the reception of, for example, a staticcredit card number and a dynamic verification code in step 1721. Theverification code may be verified in step 1823. Such verification maytake the form of, for example, retrieving/generating/decoding theverification code for a particular time period and may be included instep 1822. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that dynamicinformation does not have to be generated by a remote facility andcompared to received dynamic information. Numerous entries of dynamicinformation may be, for example, stored in the remote facility and therelevant entry may be retrieved (e.g., the entry associated to aparticular time) and compared to the received dynamic information (e.g.,in step 1824). The credit card number may be validated in step 1823 andthe purchase may be validated in step 1825 (e.g., after the verificationcode is validated). Person skilled in the art will appreciate that boththe verification code and the credit card may be validated at the sametime (e.g., combined into one number and validated).

Flow chart 1830 may include receiving location information and creditcard information in step 1831. The location information that is receivedmay be stored in step 1832 (e.g., stored on a remote server). Thelocation information may be utilized to validate the received creditcard information in step 1833 (or may be utilized for another purposesuch as to track a user). The credit card number may be validated instep 1834 and a purchase may be authorized in step 1835.

Flow chart 1840 may include step 1841 during which feedback may bedetermined (e.g., by a dynamic credit card), the feedback may be writtento a magnetic stripe or embedded into a number (e.g., embedded into adynamic number such as a dynamic number displayed on a display and/orwritten to a magnetic stripe). The feedback may then be transmitted withother information (e.g., dynamic and static information) in step 1843and received (e.g., by a remote server or processing/authorizationfacility) in step 1844. The feedback may be separated from the otherinformation in step 1845.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a credit card maycommunicate wireless with a credit card reader and/or a processingfacility. For example, a credit card may have a device that may transmitinformation (e.g., dynamic information such as dynamic credit cardinformation) wirelessly to a reader/facility. Similarly, a device may beprovided in which a reader and/or facility may read informationwirelessly from the device. Any information that is provided to adisplay or that is communicated through a magnetic stripe may becommunicated through such a device. As such, a person may take a dynamiccredit card and simply place the card in the proximity of a reader(e.g., a few inches or feet away from the reader) and credit cardinformation may be communicated from the credit card to the reader.Similarly, information may be wirelessly fed back from a reader into acredit card (e.g., to update software or add new dynamic codinginformation/schemes). Such a reader may read the dynamic credit card andthen prompt a user (or administrator) that information needs to becommunicated back to the credit card. Thus, a device operable ofcommunicating wirelessly (e.g., operable of being wirelessly read oroperable to wirelessly transmit) may be operable to wirelessly receivedata (e.g., wirelessly read data from a reader or wirelessly receivedata transmitted from a reader). Wireless communications may take theform of, for example, electromagnetic-based, sound-based, light-based,infrared-based, and/or capacitive-based communications.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a dynamic number may belimited to only one use and, as such, that a dynamic number (e.g., adynamic credit card number or verification code) may not repeat for thelife of a dynamic credit card (e.g., 1 to 5 years).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a magnetic stripe may bea device that is operable of being read by a magnetic stripe reader.Circuitry may be provided to program such a device. Similarly, anencoder may be utilized to program/encode a magnetic stripe (e.g., writeto a track such as a read/write track on a magnetic stripe havingmultiple tracks).

Persons skilled in the art will also appreciate that the presentinvention is not limited only the embodiments described. Instead, thepresent invention more generally involves changing the number of acredit card so that the number cannot be copied and used at a later time(e.g., an hour later). For example, memory may be included in a dynamiccredit card that stores a table having a Y-bit key for each number ofX-bit states. The X-bit states may be associated to a counter. Thus,every time the counter increments, a different Y-bit key may be lookedup. The credit card processing/authorization facility may include theexact same table and the key and counter number may be sent to thefacility for authorization. Thus, the facility simply has to check itsown replica of the table to see if the number is valid. Such keys couldbe dynamic credit card numbers while the counters are security codes.All such modifications are within the scope of the present invention,which is limited only by the claims that follow.

1. A payment card comprising: a first payment card layer; a magneticstripe; a second payment card layer having an aperture, whereincircuitry is provided in said aperture and said first layer is fixed tosaid second layer; a third payment card layer fixed to said secondlayer; a magnetic stripe writer, wherein said magnetic stripe writer isoperable to change data provided on said magnetic stripe; and a displaycoupled to said circuitry.
 2. The payment card of claim 1, wherein saidfirst, second, and third layers form a housing and a manual switch isprovided that extends from said housing.
 3. The payment card of claim 1,wherein said first layer is printed with information.
 4. The paymentcard of claim 1, wherein said first layer is pressed with information.5. The payment card of claim 1, further comprising a battery provided insaid aperture.
 6. The payment card of claim 1, further comprising aclock provided in said aperture.
 7. The payment card of claim 1, furthercomprising a memory, wherein said memory is programmed after said firstlayer is fixed to said second layer and said third layer is fixed tosaid second layer.
 8. The payment card of claim 1, further comprising aprotective layer, wherein said magnetic stripe is provided between saidthird layer and said protective layer.
 9. The payment card of claim 1,wherein said circuitry includes a processor.
 10. A method comprising:providing a sheet of payment cards comprising: providing a first sheetlayer; providing a second layer; providing electronic packages betweensaid first and second layers, wherein each one of said electronicpackages includes a battery, processor, and a display, wherein a firstsurface of said processor is covered by said first layer and a secondsurface of said processor is covered by said second layer; and cuttingsaid sheet of payment cards into a plurality of payment cards.
 11. Themethod of claim 10, wherein said plurality of payment cards are shippedto a facility and said plurality of payment cards are programmed at saidfacility.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein a payment card of saidplurality of payment cards is packaged with a user manual and shipped.13. The method of claim 10, wherein each one of said electronic packagesincludes a memory.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein each one of saidelectronic packages includes a receiver for receiving wirelessinformation signals.
 15. The method of claim 10, wherein each one ofsaid electronic packages includes a clock.
 16. The method of claim 10,wherein each one of said electronic packages includes a second display.17. The method of claim 10, wherein the front of each one of saidplurality of payment cards includes printed information.
 18. The methodof claim 10, wherein the front of each one of said plurality of paymentcards includes pressed information.
 19. The method of claim 10, whereineach one of said electronic packages includes a device operable to emitmagnetic-based fields operable to be read by a magnetic stripe reader.20. A payment card comprising: a first payment card layer; a secondpayment card layer; and an electronics package, wherein said electronicspackage is provided between said first and second layer, said electronicpackage includes a display, a battery, a processor, and a deviceoperable to communicate data, based at least in part on control signalsfrom said processor, to a magnetic stripe reader, wherein a firstsurface of said processor is covered by said first layer and a secondsurface of said processor is covered by said second layer.
 21. Thepayment card of claim 20, further comprising a chip operable to be readby a chip reader.
 22. The payment card of claim 20, wherein saidelectronics package includes a memory.
 23. The payment card of claim 20,wherein said first layer includes a first surface having printedinformation.
 24. The payment card of claim 20, wherein said first layerincludes a first surface having pressed information.
 25. The paymentcard of claim 20, wherein said electronics package includes a seconddisplay.
 26. The payment card of claim 20, wherein said electronicspackage includes a wireless signal receiver.
 27. The payment card ofclaim 20, wherein said electronics package includes a memory and asecond display.
 28. The payment card of claim 20, wherein saidelectronics package includes a memory, a second display, and a wirelesssignal receiver.
 29. A payment card without a magnetic stripecomprising: a first payment card layer; a second payment card layer; anda processor provided between said first payment card layer and saidsecond payment card layer, wherein a first surface of said processor iscovered by said first payment card layer and a second surface of saidprocessor is covered by said second payment card layer; and anelectronic device operable to communicate to a magnetic stripe readerwithout said magnetic stripe, wherein said device is provided betweensaid first payment card layer and said second payment card layer. 30.The payment card of claim 29, further comprising: a battery; and adisplay.
 31. The payment card of claim 29, wherein said first layer isprinted with information.
 32. The payment card of claim 29, furthercomprising a wireless signal receiver.
 33. The payment card of claim 29,further comprising a clock.
 34. The payment card of claim 29, furthercomprising a memory.